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| Dataset Title: | Gulf Stream annual cycle from Spray underwater glider measurements, 2015-2023, Daily 
|
| Institution: | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (Dataset ID: gsAnnualCycleDaily) |
| Information: | Summary
| License
| FGDC
| ISO 19115
| Metadata
| Background
| Files
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|
The Dataset Attribute Structure (.das) for this Dataset
Attributes {
time {
String _CoordinateAxisType "Time";
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 actual_range 1.437091e+9, 1.468627e+9;
String axis "T";
String calendar "gregorian";
String comment "This is a climatology product. For a particular month and day of year (variables 'month' and 'day'), time is written as the unixtime value for the first occurence of that month and day following start of underlying data availablity (global attribute 'time_coverage_start'.";
String coverage_content_type "coordinate";
String ioos_category "Time";
String long_name "Time";
String standard_name "time";
String time_origin "01-JAN-1970 00:00:00";
String units "seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
}
depth {
String _CoordinateAxisType "Height";
String _CoordinateZisPositive "down";
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 10.0, 1000.0;
String axis "Z";
String coverage_content_type "coordinate";
String ioos_category "Location";
String long_name "Depth";
String positive "down";
String standard_name "depth";
String units "m";
Float32 valid_max 1000.0;
Float32 valid_min 10.0;
}
latitude {
String _CoordinateAxisType "Lat";
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 25.0, 41.0;
String axis "Y";
String coverage_content_type "coordinate";
String ioos_category "Location";
String long_name "Latitude";
String standard_name "latitude";
String units "degrees_north";
Float32 valid_max 41.0;
Float32 valid_min 25.0;
}
longitude {
String _CoordinateAxisType "Lon";
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range -81.0, -65.0;
String axis "X";
String coverage_content_type "coordinate";
String ioos_category "Location";
String long_name "Longitude";
String standard_name "longitude";
String units "degrees_east";
Float32 valid_max -65.0;
Float32 valid_min -81.0;
}
temperature {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 32.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "physicalMeasurement";
String long_name "Temperature";
String standard_name "sea_water_temperature";
String units "degree_C";
Float64 valid_max 27.0;
Float64 valid_min 3.0;
}
temperature_uncertainty {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 5.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "qualityInformation";
String long_name "Uncertainty in fitted temperature";
String standard_name "sea_water_temperature_standard_error";
String units "degree_C";
Float64 valid_max 2.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
}
salinity {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 37.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 32.0;
String comment "Practical Salinity Scale of 1978 (PSS-78)";
String coverage_content_type "physicalMeasurement";
String long_name "salinity";
String references "Lewis, 1980 doi:10.1109/JOE.1980.1145448";
String standard_name "sea_water_practical_salinity";
String units "1";
Float64 valid_max 38.0;
Float64 valid_min 33.0;
}
salinity_uncertainty {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 1.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "qualityInformation";
String long_name "Uncertainty in fitted salinity";
String standard_name "sea_water_practical_salinity_standard_error";
String units "PSU";
Float64 valid_max 1.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
}
potential_temperature {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 32.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "physicalMeasurement";
String long_name "Potential Temperature";
String standard_name "sea_water_potential_temperature";
String units "degree_C";
Float64 valid_max 27.0;
Float64 valid_min 3.0;
}
potential_temperature_uncertainty {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 5.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "qualityInformation";
String long_name "Uncertainty in fitted potential temperature";
String standard_name "sea_water_potential_temperature_standard_error";
String units "degree_C";
Float64 valid_max 2.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
}
potential_density {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 200.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "physicalMeasurement";
String long_name "Potential Density";
String standard_name "sea_water_sigma_theta";
String units "kg m-3";
Float64 valid_max 28.0;
Float64 valid_min 23.0;
}
potential_density_uncertainty {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "qualityInformation";
String long_name "Uncertainty in fitted potential density";
String standard_name "sea_water_sigma_theta_standard_error";
String units "kg m-3";
Float64 valid_max 1.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
}
density {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 200.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "physicalMeasurement";
String long_name "Density";
String standard_name "sea_water_sigma_t";
String units "kg m-3";
Float64 valid_max 33.0;
Float64 valid_min 23.0;
}
density_uncertainty {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "qualityInformation";
String long_name "Uncertainty in fitted density";
String standard_name "sea_water_sigma_t_standard_error";
String units "kg m-3";
Float64 valid_max 1.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
}
eastward_velocity {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 0.5;
Float64 colorBarMinimum -0.5;
String coverage_content_type "physicalMeasurement";
String long_name "Eastward Velocity";
String standard_name "eastward_sea_water_velocity";
String units "m s-1";
Float64 valid_max 2.0;
Float64 valid_min -1.0;
}
eastward_velocity_uncertainty {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 0.1;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "qualityInformation";
String long_name "Uncertainty in fitted eastward velocity";
String standard_name "eastward_sea_water_velocity_standard_error";
String units "m s-1";
Float64 valid_max 1.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
}
northward_velocity {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 0.5;
Float64 colorBarMinimum -0.5;
String coverage_content_type "physicalMeasurement";
String long_name "Northward Velocity";
String standard_name "northward_sea_water_velocity";
String units "m s-1";
Float64 valid_max 2.0;
Float64 valid_min -1.0;
}
northward_velocity_uncertainty {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 0.1;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "qualityInformation";
String long_name "Uncertainty in fitted northward velocity";
String standard_name "northward_sea_water_velocity_standard_error";
String units "m s-1";
Float64 valid_max 1.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
}
along_stream_scale {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
String coverage_content_type "auxiliaryInformation";
String long_name "along-stream e-folding scale for Gaussian weight function";
String units "km";
}
cross_stream_scale {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
String coverage_content_type "auxiliaryInformation";
String long_name "cross-stream e-folding scale for Gaussian weight function";
String units "km";
}
downstream_direction {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 360.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "auxilaryInformation";
String long_name "Downstream direction of mean velocity and orientation of along-stream e-folding scale for Gaussian weight function, degrees clockwise from north";
String standard_name "sea_water_velocity_to_direction";
String units "degrees";
}
n_pts_fit {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 100.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "auxilaryInfromation";
String long_name "Number of observations fit";
}
n_missions_fit {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 100.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "auxilaryInfromation";
String long_name "Number of missions fit";
}
max_gap {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 1.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coverage_content_type "auxilaryInfromation";
String long_name "Maximum gap in observations as fraction of year";
String units "1";
}
arc_fit {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 3.2;
Float64 colorBarMinimum -3.2;
String coverage_content_type "auxilaryInfromation";
String long_name "Angle covered by observations around grid point";
String units "radians";
}
NC_GLOBAL {
String acknowledgement "Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program, the Office of Naval Research, Eastman Chemical Company, and Woods Hole Oceanographc Institution.";
String cdm_data_type "Grid";
String comment "How to cite: Todd, R. E., A.S. Ren, 2023: Warming and lateral shift of the Gulf Stream from in situ observations since 2001 [Data set]. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Instrument Development Group, doi:10.21238/S8TC9W.";
String contributor_name "Robert E. Todd, Alice S. Ren, Instrument Development Group, Jennifer P. Sevadjian";
String contributor_role "principalInvestigator, contributor, distributor, resourceProvider";
String contributor_role_vocabulary "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current";
String Conventions "CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS";
String creator_email "rtodd@whoi.edu";
String creator_institution "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String creator_name "Robert E. Todd";
String creator_type "person";
String creator_url "http://rtodd.whoi.edu";
String ctd_make_model "Sea-Bird 41CP";
String date_created "2023-10-05T17:08:27Z";
String date_issued "2023-10-05T17:08:27Z";
String date_modified "2023-10-05T17:08:27Z";
String defaultGraphQuery "temperature%5B(2016-07-16T00:00:00Z)%5D%5B(1000.0)%5D%5B(25.0):(41.0)%5D%5B(-81.0):(-65.0)%5D&.draw=surface&.vars=longitude%7Clatitude%7Ctemperature&.colorBar=KT_thermal%7C%7C%7C4%7C10%7C&.bgColor=0xffffffff";
String doi "https://doi.org/10.21238/S8TC9W";
Float64 Easternmost_Easting -65.0;
String geospatial_bounds "POLYGON ((30.35 -80.20, 30.40 -80.15, 30.50 -80.15, 30.60 -80.15, 30.65 -80.10, 30.70 -80.05, 30.80 -80.05, 30.85 -80.00, 30.90 -79.95, 31.00 -79.95, 31.05 -79.90, 31.10 -79.85, 31.20 -79.85, 31.25 -79.80, 31.30 -79.75, 31.40 -79.75, 31.45 -79.70, 31.50 -79.65, 31.60 -79.65, 31.65 -79.60, 31.70 -79.55, 31.75 -79.50, 31.80 -79.45, 31.85 -79.40, 31.90 -79.35, 31.95 -79.30, 32.00 -79.25, 32.05 -79.20, 32.10 -79.15, 32.15 -79.10, 32.20 -79.05, 32.25 -79.00, 32.30 -78.95, 32.35 -78.90, 32.35 -78.80, 32.40 -78.75, 32.45 -78.70, 32.45 -78.60, 32.45 -78.50, 32.50 -78.45, 32.55 -78.40, 32.60 -78.35, 32.70 -78.35, 32.75 -78.30, 32.80 -78.25, 32.85 -78.20, 32.90 -78.15, 32.95 -78.10, 32.95 -78.00, 33.00 -77.95, 33.05 -77.90, 33.05 -77.80, 33.10 -77.75, 33.15 -77.70, 33.15 -77.60, 33.15 -77.50, 33.15 -77.40, 33.20 -77.35, 33.25 -77.30, 33.30 -77.25, 33.35 -77.20, 33.35 -77.10, 33.40 -77.05, 33.45 -77.00, 33.50 -76.95, 33.55 -76.90, 33.60 -76.85, 33.65 -76.80, 33.70 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-74.60, 32.50 -74.65, 32.40 -74.65, 32.35 -74.70, 32.30 -74.75, 32.25 -74.80, 32.20 -74.85, 32.10 -74.85, 32.00 -74.85, 31.90 -74.85, 31.85 -74.90, 31.80 -74.95, 31.75 -75.00, 31.70 -75.05, 31.65 -75.10, 31.65 -75.20, 31.60 -75.25, 31.55 -75.30, 31.55 -75.40, 31.50 -75.45, 31.40 -75.45, 31.35 -75.50, 31.30 -75.55, 31.20 -75.55, 31.15 -75.60, 31.15 -75.70, 31.10 -75.75, 31.05 -75.80, 31.05 -75.90, 31.05 -76.00, 31.05 -76.10, 31.05 -76.20, 31.00 -76.25, 30.95 -76.30, 30.90 -76.35, 30.85 -76.40, 30.85 -76.50, 30.80 -76.55, 30.75 -76.60, 30.75 -76.70, 30.75 -76.80, 30.70 -76.85, 30.65 -76.90, 30.70 -76.95, 30.75 -77.00, 30.70 -77.05, 30.65 -77.10, 30.65 -77.20, 30.60 -77.25, 30.55 -77.30, 30.55 -77.40, 30.50 -77.45, 30.40 -77.45, 30.35 -77.40, 30.30 -77.35, 30.25 -77.30, 30.20 -77.25, 30.15 -77.30, 30.10 -77.35, 30.05 -77.40, 30.05 -77.50, 30.00 -77.55, 29.90 -77.55, 29.80 -77.55, 29.75 -77.60, 29.70 -77.65, 29.65 -77.70, 29.60 -77.75, 29.50 -77.75, 29.45 -77.80, 29.45 -77.90, 29.40 -77.95, 29.35 -78.00, 29.30 -78.05, 29.25 -78.10, 29.20 -78.15, 29.15 -78.20, 29.10 -78.25, 29.05 -78.20, 29.05 -78.10, 29.00 -78.05, 28.95 -78.00, 28.90 -77.95, 28.85 -78.00, 28.80 -78.05, 28.75 -78.10, 28.70 -78.15, 28.65 -78.10, 28.60 -78.05, 28.50 -78.05, 28.45 -78.00, 28.40 -77.95, 28.30 -77.95, 28.20 -77.95, 28.10 -77.95, 28.00 -77.95, 27.95 -78.00, 27.95 -78.10, 27.90 -78.15, 27.85 -78.20, 27.80 -78.25, 27.75 -78.30, 27.75 -78.40, 27.70 -78.45, 27.60 -78.45, 27.55 -78.50, 27.50 -78.55, 27.45 -78.60, 27.40 -78.65, 27.35 -78.70, 27.35 -78.80, 27.35 -78.90, 27.35 -79.00, 27.35 -79.10, 27.30 -79.15, 27.20 -79.15, 27.10 -79.15, 27.05 -79.10, 27.00 -79.05, 26.95 -79.10, 26.95 -79.20, 26.90 -79.25, 26.85 -79.30, 26.85 -79.40, 26.80 -79.45, 26.75 -79.50, 26.70 -79.55, 26.60 -79.55, 26.55 -79.60, 26.50 -79.65, 26.40 -79.65, 26.30 -79.65, 26.25 -79.70, 26.20 -79.75, 26.10 -79.75, 26.05 -79.80, 26.00 -79.85, 25.90 -79.85, 25.85 -79.90, 25.80 -79.95, 25.75 -80.00, 25.80 -80.05, 25.90 -80.05, 26.00 -80.05, 26.05 -80.00, 26.10 -79.95, 26.20 -79.95, 26.30 -79.95, 26.40 -79.95, 26.50 -79.95, 26.55 -80.00, 26.60 -80.05, 26.65 -80.00, 26.70 -79.95, 26.80 -79.95, 26.90 -79.95, 27.00 -79.95, 27.10 -79.95, 27.20 -79.95, 27.30 -79.95, 27.40 -79.95, 27.50 -79.95, 27.60 -79.95, 27.70 -79.95, 27.80 -79.95, 27.90 -79.95, 28.00 -79.95, 28.10 -79.95, 28.20 -79.95, 28.30 -79.95, 28.40 -79.95, 28.45 -80.00, 28.50 -80.05, 28.60 -80.05, 28.70 -80.05, 28.80 -80.05, 28.90 -80.05, 28.95 -80.10, 29.00 -80.15, 29.10 -80.15, 29.20 -80.15, 29.30 -80.15, 29.40 -80.15, 29.45 -80.20, 29.50 -80.25, 29.60 -80.25, 29.70 -80.25, 29.80 -80.25, 29.90 -80.25, 30.00 -80.25, 30.10 -80.25, 30.20 -80.25, 30.30 -80.25, 30.35 -80.20))";
String geospatial_bounds_crs "EPSG:4326";
String geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs "EPSG:5831";
Float64 geospatial_lat_max 41.0;
Float64 geospatial_lat_min 25.0;
Float64 geospatial_lat_resolution 0.1;
String geospatial_lat_units "degrees_north";
Float64 geospatial_lon_max -65.0;
Float64 geospatial_lon_min -81.0;
Float64 geospatial_lon_resolution 0.1;
String geospatial_lon_units "degrees_east";
String history
"2023-10-05T17:08:27Z: Created by RE Todd with write_netcdf_anncyc.m
2024-05-12T18:18:50Z (local files)
2024-05-12T18:18:50Z https://spraydata.ucsd.edu/erddap/griddap/gsAnnualCycleDaily.das";
String id "10.21238/S8TC9W";
String infoUrl "https://spraydata.ucsd.edu/products/gulf-stream-climatology/";
String institution "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String instrument "Sea-Bird 41CP, Nortek AD2CP";
String keywords "AUVS > Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, circulation, Consortia/Institutions > WHOI/PO, covered, cross, cross-stream, cross_stream_scale, currents, cycle, data, degrees, density, depth, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Circulation > Fronts, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Circulation > Ocean Currents, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Potential Temperature, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature, Earth Science > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Density, Earth Science > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Salinity, eastward, eastward_sea_water_velocity, fronts, gulfstream, oceanographic, oceans, potential_density, potential_temperature, sea_water_potential_temperature, sea_water_practical_salinity, sea_water_sigma_t, sea_water_sigma_theta, sea_water_temperature, Spray glider";
String keywords_vocabulary "GCMD Science Keywords";
String license "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/";
String metadata_link "https://spraydata.ucsd.edu";
Float64 n_harmonic 2.0;
String naming_authority "edu.ucsd.spray";
Float64 Northernmost_Northing 41.0;
String processing_level "Velocity observations automatically quality controlled following Todd et al. (2017, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech.); means and annual cycles computed as described in Todd and Ren (2023, Nat. Climate Change).";
String product_version "157C8877-1FE0-46DA-AF1E-34D9A9FED0CE";
String project "Climatology from Gliders in the Gulf Stream";
String publisher_email "idgdata@ucsd.edu";
String publisher_institution "Scripps Institution of Oceanography";
String publisher_name "Instrument Development Group";
String publisher_type "group";
String publisher_url "https://spray.ucsd.edu";
String references "Todd, R. E., A.S. Ren, 2023: Warming and lateral shift of the Gulf Stream from in situ observations since 2001. Nature Climate Change. doi: 10.1038/s41558-023-01835-w.";
String source "temperature, salinity and velocity from a fleet of Spray underwater gliders; underlying data available under DOIs 10.21238/S8SPRAY2675 and 10.21238/S8SPRAY0880";
String sourceUrl "(local files)";
Float64 Southernmost_Northing 25.0;
String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v72";
String summary "Three-dimensional estimates of the time-mean and annual cycle of temperature, salinity, density, and velocity derived from Spray glider observations in and near the Gulf Stream along the US East Coast. Date range of observations fitted is from JUL-16-2015 and MAY-30-2023 as indicated in the global attributes time_coverage_start and time_coverage_end. The number of annual harmonics fit is two as indicated by the global attribute n_harmonic. The underlying observations are available under DOIs https://doi.org/10.21238/S8SPRAY2675 and https://doi.org/10.21238/S8SPRAY0880.";
String time_coverage_duration "P0007-10-14T02:55:36";
String time_coverage_end "2016-07-15T23:56:40Z";
String time_coverage_resolution "P0000-00-01T00:00:00";
String time_coverage_start "2015-07-16T23:56:40Z";
String title "Gulf Stream annual cycle from Spray underwater glider measurements, 2015-2023, Daily";
Float64 Westernmost_Easting -81.0;
}
}
Using griddap to Request Data and Graphs from Gridded Datasets
griddap lets you request a data subset, graph, or map from a gridded dataset (for example, sea surface temperature data from a satellite), via a specially formed URL. griddap uses the OPeNDAP
Data Access Protocol (DAP) and its
projection constraints.
The URL specifies what you want: the dataset, a description of the graph or the subset of the data, and the file type for the response.
- (easy) You can get data by using the dataset's Data Access Form. It makes the URL for you.
- (easy) You can make a graph or map by using the dataset's Make A Graph form. It makes the URL for you.
- (not hard) You can bypass the forms and get the data or make a graph or map by generating the URL by hand or with a computer program or script.
griddap request URLs must be in the form
https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/datasetID.fileType{?query}
For example,
https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/jplMURSST41.htmlTable?analysed_sst[(2002-06-01T09:00:00Z)][(-89.99):1000:(89.99)][(-179.99):1000:(180.0)]
Thus, the query is often a data variable name (e.g., analysed_sst),
followed by [(start):stride:(stop)]
(or a shorter variation of that) for each of the variable's dimensions
(for example, [time][latitude][longitude]).
For details, see the griddap Documentation.